# یادگیری ماشین

1 دقیقه مطالعه

## انواع مساله‌ها در یادگیری ماشین

در مثال قبل، ورودی $x$ برای سادگی کار یک بعدی در نظر گرفته شد ولی این ورودی به طور معمول، به صورت یک بردار $d$ بعدی به شکل $x=[x_1, x_2, ...,x_d]^T$ قابل نمایش است. به مجموعه‌ی این ابعاد که توصیف‌گر خروجی هستند، مجموعه‌ی ويژگیهای مساله گفته می‌شود که می‌تواند بسته به مساله بسیار بزرگ (چندین هزار بعد) و یا نسبتا کوچک باشد.

فرض کنید که یک تابع فرضیه به شکل

$$h: D \rightarrow R$$

داریم که $D=\{..., x_{i}, ...\}$ و $R=\{...,y_{i},...\}$ به ترتیب دامنه و برد این تابع هستند (برای سادگی کار دامنه‌ی آزمون فرضیه یک‌بعدی در نظر گرفته شده است). در یادگیری ماشین بر حسب اینکه برد تابع فرضیه‌ی مورد استفاده چه خصوصیاتی دارد می‌توان مساله‌ها را به دو دسته‌ی کلی زیر دسته‌بندی نمود:

• مساله‌ی دسته‌بندی (classification) : که در آن داریم $% $ ، که بدین معنی است که برد تابع فرضیه دارای تعداد متناهی عضو است. در این حالت هدف این است که داده‌های مورد نظر را در تعداد محدودی کلاس قراردهیم و یا به زبانی دیگر آن‌ها را با تعدادی برچسب، برچسب‌گذاری نمائیم. برای مثال:

$$h(x) = \begin{cases} -1 ~~\text{3x + 1 > 0} \newline +1 ~~\text{otherwise}. \end{cases}$$

• مساله‌ی رگرسیون (regression): در این حالت تعداد حالات ممکن برای خروجی تابع فرضیه بی‌نهایت است یعنی $|R| = +\infty$. برای مثال:

$$h(x) = 3x + 4$$

• مساله‌ی خوشه‌بندی (clustering): در این نوع از مساله‌ها ما می‌دانیم که خروجی تابع فرضیه (تعداد کلاس‌ ‌ها یا برچسب‌ها) محدود و متناهی است ولی برچسب هر ورودی را در اختیار نداریم و در واقع می‌خواهیم داده‌های ورودی را در به در تعدادی سبد خوشه‌بندی کنیم (در واقع در این حالت تعداد کلاس‌ها و یا خوشه‌ها در اغلب موارد خود یک متغیر ورودی مساله‌ است).

#### نظر ها

Hey very cool website!! Man .. Beautiful .. Wonderful ..

I will bookmark your site and take the feeds additionally? I’m happy to search out so many useful info right here within the post, we want develop more strategies on this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

I comment each time I especially enjoy a article on a blog or I have something to contribute to the discussion. Usually it’s triggered by the sincerness communicated in the post I browsed. And after this article یادگیری ماشین - ووفورو.

I was excited enough to drop a commenta response :-P I actually do have a couple of questions for you if it’s allright. Could it be simply me or does it look like like some of the responses appear as if they are coming from brain dead people? :-P And, if you are posting at other sites, I would like to follow you. Could you make a list the complete urls of your shared sites like your twitter feed, Facebook page or linkedin profile?

If you wish for to grow your experience simply keep visiting this web site and be updated with the most up-to-date information posted here.

Greetings from Carolina! I’m bored to tears at work so I decided to browse your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the info you provide here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my mobile .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, good blog!

Really no matter if someone doesn’t understand afterward its up to other people that they will assist, so here it occurs.

Touche. Solid arguments. Keep up the amazing effort.

Hey! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I’m getting sick and tired of Wordpress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

I visited several blogs however the audio feature for audio songs present at this website is genuinely marvelous.

What’s up to all, it’s really a good for me to visit this site, it consists of useful Information.

Very good info. Lucky me I recently found your site by accident (stumbleupon).

I’ve saved as a favorite for later!

I do believe all the ideas you’ve offered on your post. They’re very convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are very brief for newbies. May just you please extend them a bit from subsequent time? Thanks for the post.

Greetings from Colorado! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your site on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the information you provide here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at how quick your blog loaded on my phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyways, excellent blog!

Hello There. I discovered your blog the usage of msn. That is a very well written article. I will be sure to bookmark it and come back to read more of your useful information. Thank you for the post. I will definitely return.

Appreciation to my father who stated to me on the topic of this webpage, this website is in fact amazing.

It’s fantastic that you are getting ideas from this article as well as from our dialogue made at this time.

I am not sure where you’re getting your info, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for wonderful info I was looking for this info for my mission.

Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have developed some nice practices and we are looking to exchange techniques with others, why not shoot me an e-mail if interested.

Thanks for sharing such a pleasant thinking, paragraph is nice, thats why i have read it fully

First of all I want to say great blog! I had a quick question which I’d like to ask if you don’t mind.

I was interested to find out how you center yourself and clear your head prior to writing. I have had trouble clearing my thoughts in getting my ideas out. I truly do take pleasure in writing however it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes are generally wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any suggestions or tips? Cheers!

What’s up to every body, it’s my first pay a quick visit of this website; this webpage contains remarkable and genuinely fine stuff in support of visitors.

Do you have any video of that? I’d like to find out some additional information.

An interesting discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you ought to publish more about this issue, it might not be a taboo matter but usually people do not talk about such issues. To the next! Many thanks!!

It’s awesome in favor of me to have a website, which is useful for my experience.

You should take part in a contest for one of the best blogs on the web. I most certainly will recommend this site!

I am regular reader, how are you everybody? This piece of writing posted at this web page is truly fastidious.

Hey there I am so happy I found your website, I really found you by error, while I was looking on Bing for something else, Anyways I am here now and would just like to say many thanks for a tremendous post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read it all at the minute but I have bookmarked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the superb b.

This paragraph will help the internet visitors for creating new blog or even a blog from start to end.

Usually I don’t learn article on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to check out and do so! Your writing taste has been amazed me. Thank you, very nice article.

I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol

I was recommended this website by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else know such detailed about my problem. You are wonderful! Thanks!

Highly descriptive blog, I enjoyed that a lot. Will there be a part 2?

Very good info. Lucky me I discovered your site by accident (stumbleupon). I’ve bookmarked it for later!

This article gives clear idea for the new viewers of blogging, that genuinely how to do blogging and site-building.

Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was once a leisure account it. Look advanced to more introduced agreeable from you! However, how can we keep in touch?

Fastidious answer back in return of this query with real arguments and telling the whole thing about that.

Thanks , I have just been looking for info approximately this topic for a long time and yours is the greatest I have discovered till now. However, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you positive concerning the source?

What’s up, always i used to check website posts here in the early hours in the daylight, since i love to learn more and more.

Today, I went to the beach front with my kids. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear.

She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is totally off topic but I had to tell someone!

whoah this blog is fantastic i love reading your articles. Stay up the good work! You realize, lots of persons are hunting around for this info, you could help them greatly.

Thanks for the good writeup. It actually used to be a enjoyment account it. Look complex to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we be in contact?

Amazing! Its genuinely awesome post, I have got much clear idea concerning from this piece of writing.

Hi to all, for the reason that I am genuinely eager of reading this weblog’s post to be updated daily. It contains good stuff.

Hi there, I would like to subscribe for this web site to obtain most recent updates, so where can i do it please help out.

Amazing! Its truly remarkable paragraph, I have got much clear idea on the topic of from this article.

Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back frequently!

Hi to every one, because I am really eager of reading this web site’s post to be updated on a regular basis. It carries pleasant stuff.

I am in fact glad to read this web site posts which contains plenty of helpful facts, thanks for providing these kinds of data.

Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your weblog? My blog site is in the very same area of interest as yours and my users would truly benefit from a lot of the information you present here. Please let me know if this alright with you.

Thanks!

I’m not sure why but this blog is loading very slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a issue on my end? I’ll check back later on and see if the problem still exists.

Very descriptive blog, I loved that a lot. Will there be a part 2?

I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was wondering what all is required to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very internet smart so I’m not 100% certain. Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated. Cheers

Hey there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my zynga group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Cheers

Do you have any video of that? I’d care to find out some additional information.

I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this increase.

When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get three emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service? Bless you!

It’s the best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read even more things about it!

Thanks for finally writing about >یادگیری ماشین - ووفورو <Loved it!

Hello all, here every person is sharing these kinds of experience, therefore it’s nice to read this webpage, and I used to go to see this webpage every day.

You could definitely see your skills within the article you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers such as you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. All the time follow your heart.

Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Very useful info specifically the last part :) I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this certain info for a long time. Thank you and best of luck.

It’s really very difficult in this busy life to listen news on Television, therefore I just use web for that reason, and get the most up-to-date news.

Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

Heya! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Carry on the great work!

Great article.

Descargar facebook I really like it when folks get together and share ideas. Great blog, stick with it! Descargar facebook

You actually make it appear really easy together with your presentation but I in finding this topic to be actually one thing which I think I’d never understand. It kind of feels too complicated and very wide for me. I am looking ahead in your subsequent post, I’ll try to get the cling of it!

Thanks , I’ve just been searching for info about this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I have came upon so far. However, what concerning the conclusion? Are you sure in regards to the supply?

Thanks for any other informative blog. Where else may just I get that type of info written in such an ideal approach?

I’ve a project that I’m simply now working on, and I have been at the glance out for such information.

Very descriptive blog, I enjoyed that bit.

Will there be a part 2?

I was pretty pleased to discover this website.

I need to to thank you for ones time for this wonderful read!! I definitely loved every bit of it and i also have you saved to fav to see new things in your site.

Definitely believe that which you said. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the net the simplest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get irked while people consider worries that they plainly don’t know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people could take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks

Descargar facebook http://twitter.com/descargar_hq descargar facebook I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here. The sketch is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this increase. Descargar facebook http://twitter.com/descargar_hq descargar facebook

Quest bars cheap fitnesstipsnew1 quest bars cheap 516999410492780544 quest bars cheap Ahaa, its pleasant conversation concerning this piece of writing at this place at this website, I have read all that, so at this time me also commenting at this place. Quest bars cheap fitnesstipsnew1 quest bars cheap 516999410492780544 quest bars cheap

Fantastic beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your website, how can i subscribe for a blog web site?

The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered bright clear idea

Excellent write-up. I certainly appreciate this website. Thanks!

#### نظر خود را بنویسید

ایمیل شما منتشر نخواهد شد. فیلد های الزامی *

در حال بارگذاری...